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　　The audience visited the bionic UAV information acquisition system in integration of defense and civilian technologies Science and Technology Innovation Exhibition, the annual meeting of China Association for Science and Technology. Xinhua news agency

　　Promoting the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies is a systematic project. We should be good at using systematic science, systematic thinking and systematic methods to study and solve problems. We should not only strengthen top-level design, but also adhere to key breakthroughs. We should not only grasp the present but also seek the long-term, strengthen demand docking, strengthen reform and innovation, strengthen resource integration, focus on key areas, promote the overall level from point to area, and accelerate the formation of a comprehensive, multi-field and high-efficiency deep development pattern in integration of defense and civilian technologies.

　　— — General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed at the second plenary meeting of the Central integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Committee held on September 22, 2017.

　　In early autumn, the sky in Beijing is high and the clouds are light. On September 18th, the third exhibition of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s achievements in developing high-tech equipment opened in Beijing. A large number of high-tech equipment achievements developed by integration of defense and civilian technologies, including "Shenwei Light of Taihu Lake", Godson series autonomous controllable high-performance processors, high-precision atomic clocks, autonomous underwater robots, etc., which ranked first in the world supercomputer for three consecutive years, were unveiled.

　　An exhibition is a microcosm. Pieces of objects, models and wonderful videos comprehensively and systematically show the staged achievements in the development of national defense science, technology and industry in integration of defense and civilian technologies since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

　　1. The development of integration of defense and civilian technologies has become a national strategy.

　　At present, in the competition of comprehensive national strength, major countries in the world are vigorously promoting integration of defense and civilian technologies or the integration of military and civilian, so as to achieve a win-win situation in which the overall military capability jumps and the national economic strength is enhanced, and thus realize long-term national defense security.

　　Integration of defense and civilian technologies’s proposition of the times was born at the right time. On March 12, 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the plenary session of the PLA delegation at the Third Session of the 12th National People’s Congress that upgrading integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development to a national strategy is a major achievement in our long-term exploration of the law of coordinated development of economic construction and national defense construction, and a major decision made from the overall situation of national security and development strategy.

　　In July 2016, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission issued Opinions on the Integrated Development of Economic Construction and National Defense Construction. This is the first programmatic document guiding the integrated development of economic construction and national defense construction since the founding of New China.

　　In August 2017, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Science and Technology Committee of the Military Commission jointly issued the "Special Plan for the Development of Science and Technology integration of defense and civilian technologies in the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), which laid out 16 key tasks in seven aspects to promote the development of science and technology integration of defense and civilian technologies during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period, and proposed that by 2020, a collaborative innovation system of military and civilian science and technology will basically be formed.

　　Experts believe that "Planning" has drawn a clear "road map" for coordinating the national innovation resources and comprehensively promoting the integration of defense and civilian technologies of science and technology, formed the top-level design for the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies in the field of science and technology in China, and marked the beginning of comprehensive and deep integration of science and technology integration of defense and civilian technologies.

　　On September 22, 2017, the second plenary session of the Central integration of defense and civilian technologies Development Committee was held, only three months after the first plenary session. Although the time is short, the results are quite fruitful — —

　　Special plans such as the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Science and Technology integration of defense and civilian technologies" and national economic mobilization were issued and implemented, and 20 provinces issued integration of defense and civilian technologies development plans; Initiate the implementation of the reform of the first batch of 41 military research institutes, deepen the demonstration of airspace management system, military pricing bargaining rules, equipment procurement system and other reform programs, and comprehensively push forward the joint review mechanism of weapons and equipment research and production licenses and equipment contractors; We will promote the integration and sharing of large-scale military and civilian defense scientific research instruments and equipment, the innovative cooperation of military-civilian dual-use technology alliance with equity as the link, and the identification and access standards of supporting core military products for civilian enterprises throughout the country.

　　2. Straighten out the mechanism. integration of defense and civilian technologies releases the "institutional dividend"

　　In the 2nd integration of defense and civilian technologies High-tech Achievements Exhibition held in Beijing in 2016, among the 163 exhibitors, 87 private high-tech enterprises, more than half. The reporter met Song Youchun, an exhibitor from a private enterprise, who was explaining to the audience the function of night vision equipment independently developed and produced by his company.

　　With the help of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s "Bonus", Song Youchun’s company has now become a professional supplier of night vision photoelectric products with strong independent research and development capabilities in China. Many core technology products have been authorized by national defense patents and passed the safety certification of military security technology prevention products. "Entering the military field has actually expanded the application radius of technology and enabled the results to better connect with the market." Song Youchun said that in the past, it was always felt that the participation of civilian technology in military products was very far away from us ordinary people. It was integration of defense and civilian technologies’s national development strategy that made military technology no longer "cold".

　　What makes private entrepreneurs such as Song Youchun feel no longer "cold" is that the field of weapons and equipment research and production has embarked on the road of open development and actively absorbed the superior resources of the whole society. At present, the number of licensing items for scientific research and production of weapons and equipment has been reduced to 755, with a reduction of 62%; The number of private enterprises licensed for scientific research and production of weapons and equipment has increased from less than 500 at the beginning of 2012 to 1,169, with an increase rate of over 130%.

　　In addition, after integration of defense and civilian technologies became a national strategy, the relevant state ministries and commissions successively issued a series of policies to deepen the reform of the military industry and promote the people’s participation in the army, which enabled more and more enterprises and institutions to enjoy the "institutional dividend" brought by integration of defense and civilian technologies, and changed from "I want to integrate" to "I want to integrate" in the past, and the highlights of key areas were frequent.

　　It only takes more than eight months from the time the user places an order to purchase and finally provides the launch service, and the carrying cost per kilogram of load is about 10,000 US dollars. The source of project funds depends on the extensive participation of private enterprises and commercial self-financing … … In January 2017, the "Kuaizhou No.1 A" small solid launch vehicle successfully put three satellites into orbit, which was a purely commercial space launch that operated in full accordance with the market mode.

　　Over the past five years, the awareness of integration of defense and civilian technologies in various fields has been continuously enhanced, and the atmosphere in integration of defense and civilian technologies has become increasingly strong.

　　3. The road to integration is deeper and wider.

　　National defense science, technology and industry is the key area of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development and an important part of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s development strategy. Reform and deep integration have become the consensus of many military enterprises and military research institutes.

　　Easy-to-wear "air conditioning vest", automatic aiming "missile fire extinguishing" products, ground penetrating radar & HELIP for scanning underground pipelines; … These are the products of China Aerospace Science and Industry Group’s integration of defense and civilian technologies. The data shows that in 2016, the integration of defense and civilian technologies industry of Aerospace Science and Industry Group achieved operating income of 133.2 billion yuan, accounting for 65% of the total operating income, and the scale of integration of defense and civilian technologies industry has exceeded the overall operating income of the group company in 2012.

　　In the aerospace science and technology group, the conversion of aerospace technology to civilian use has become more and more common. The aerospace engineering company affiliated to the First Hospital independently developed the pressurized gasification technology of aerospace pulverized coal and a complete set of process packages, which is of great significance for developing "coal-to-oil" and ensuring oil supply in China in the future; Dongfanghong Aerospace Biological Company introduced Tianqu, Aerospace Oral Liquid, Aerospace Bone Protective Agent and other daily necessities closely related to the people. By the end of 2016, the civil industry revenue of Aerospace Science and Technology Group reached 128 billion yuan, accounting for half of the total revenue.

　　Integration of defense and civilian technologies is not only an act of rejuvenating the country, but also a strategy of strengthening the army. In recent years, CSIC’s major projects in integration of defense and civilian technologies have frequently attracted people’s attention.

　　Jiaolong. On June 13th, 2017, Jiaolong completed the last dive of China Dayang 38 voyage. In five years, CSIC plans to independently develop a manned submersible with a depth of 11,000 meters based on the technical achievements of existing deep-sea equipment, and complete the 10,000-meter dive.

　　Ship lift for the three gorges of the yangtze river. On September 18, 2016, the Yangtze River Three Gorges ship lift with the highest technical difficulty and the largest scale in the world officially started trial navigation. In the development of ship lift, CSIC has widely applied the management experience of large-scale military projects and a number of military technologies. The military is for civilian use and the achievements are shared, which shows integration of defense and civilian technologies’s concept of "sharing".

　　In addition to military enterprises, in the era of integration of defense and civilian technologies, the collaborative innovation modes of various subjects in the military and local areas are more diverse. In the past five years, innovation alliances, collaborative centers and innovation parks have sprung up everywhere.

　　Sichuan has become a trendsetter in integration of defense and civilian technologies with "four firsts": the first to set up a provincial-level integration of defense and civilian technologies development leading organization, the first to set up a provincial-level integration of defense and civilian technologies industrial development fund, the first to set up a provincial-level integration of defense and civilian technologies high-tech industrial alliance, and the first to establish a strategic cooperative relationship with the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau and all central military industrial groups.

　　The wind and thunder are moving, the flag is stirring, and the grand plan is set. Up to now, there are more than 20 state-level military-civilian industrial bases in Beijing, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan. All-factor, multi-field and high-efficiency tide of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s deep development is coming.

　　Count these five years.

　　At present, the licensing items for scientific research and production of weapons and equipment are reduced to755Item, pressure reduction62%; Private enterprises licensed for scientific research and production of weapons and equipment are less than in early 2012.500Home has grown to1169Home, the growth rate exceeds130%.

　　In recent five years, China has continuously maintained its position as the largest shipbuilding country in the world, with shipbuilding completion, new orders and hand-held orders accounting for about the world share.40%.

　　In 2016, integration of defense and civilian technologies Industry of Aerospace Science and Industry Group achieved operating income.1332Billion yuan, accounting for the total operating income.65%Integration of defense and civilian technologies’s industrial scale exceeded the overall operating income of the group company in 2012.

　　(Reporter Ye Lefeng)

　　[Global Times Comprehensive Report] The cabinet of Japanese Prime Minister kishida fumio has set off a small climax of diplomatic activities since the end of this month: after receiving visiting German Chancellor Scholz in Tokyo on April 28, kishida fumio will start an eight-day foreign visit to Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Italy and the United Kingdom on the 29th; Foreign Minister Lin Fangzheng will visit Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia and other countries next week; Defense Minister Nobuo Kishi will visit the United States from May 3 to 6; On May 22nd, US President Biden will arrive in Japan, hold Japan-US leaders’ talks with Kishida and attend the "Four-nation Meeting" of the United States, Japan, Australia and India — — The above diplomatic activities, without exception, all contain the contents of "responding to the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine" and "coordinating the position of sanctions against Russia", and at the same time, they don’t forget to carry with them the "reserved tracks" of "responding to the threat from China". In parallel with the strategy of containing China, the United States and the West have now expanded the "United Front against Russia" from both sides of the North Atlantic to Asia. Japan, which wants to use the topic to contain Russia and China and try to further develop armaments and break through the peaceful constitution, is undoubtedly a pawn who is at the forefront and has the most eye-catching performance.

　　German chancellor’s first visit to Asia "only to Japan"

　　NHK TV reported on 28th that Scholz had arrived in Japan for a two-day (more than 20 hours in total) working visit, which was his first visit to an Asian country since he became German Chancellor.

　　On the afternoon of 28th, kishida fumio held a meeting with Scholz. According to Kyodo News, during the talks, Kishida condemned Russia’s military actions against Ukraine and stressed that Japan will further strengthen sanctions against Russia and aid to Ukraine. Scholz responded that sanctions are dealing a huge blow to Russia, and it is very important for all countries to keep pace with sanctions.

　　According to Agence France-Presse, Scholz thanked the German Parliament for its "clear support" for the government’s policy of providing heavy weapons to Ukraine at a joint press conference with Kishida on the 28th. According to another report from Reuters, Scholz also said in Tokyo on 28th that Germany is preparing for the possibility of Russian gas export suspension.

　　Deutsche Welle said on the 28th that Kishida said at a news conference that he had reached a consensus with Scholz on "opposing any behavior that changes the status quo in the South China Sea and the East China Sea". According to NHK TV in Japan, Scholz said at a joint press conference, "This visit has sent a political signal that Germany and the European Union will further strengthen their participation in the Indo-Pacific region."

　　"Deutsche Welle" reported on the 28th that Merkel, a long-time German chancellor, usually gave priority to China when visiting Asia, and never "visited Japan alone" when visiting Asia like Scholz. According to the report, China’s policy of fighting against the epidemic and its position of continuing to maintain partnership with Russia have accelerated the progress of German-Japanese relations. In addition, Scholz chose Japan as the first country to visit Asia because Japan and Germany are in a "very similar" geopolitical environment and national defense dilemma. For example, both sides condemned Russia’s military actions against Ukraine and imposed sanctions on Moscow, but the two countries have never stopped importing Russian energy; Both countries are willing to provide materials to Ukraine, but they are all "non-lethal" equipment. In fact, before the German Parliament supported the provision of heavy weapons to Ukraine, German Defense Minister Lambrecht announced on 26th that the government had allowed the provision of "Cheetah" air defense tanks retired from the German army to Ukraine. In this regard, the British "Financial Times" said that "Germany has changed its course in providing heavy weapons."

　　Cui Hongjian, director of the European Institute of China Institute of International Studies, said in an interview with the Global Times on the evening of 28 th that the German Chancellor’s statement in Japan was "not unexpected" in the context of the global impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. "In this Russian-Ukrainian conflict, Germany has basically crossed a ‘ Psychological threshold ’ , namely ‘ Militarization ’ , Germany has begun to implement a ‘ More aggressive ’ Foreign and security policies will also be reflected in other aspects of German diplomacy in the future. "

　　Kishida’s visit to Southeast Asia raises vigilance.

　　Japan’s heart for the Russian-Ukrainian crisis is far more than that. On 28th, Japanese Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroichi Matsuno announced at a press conference that kishida fumio will visit Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Italy and Britain from April 29th to May 6th. Japanese media analysis said that Kishida hopes to pull Southeast Asian countries to join the ranks of sanctions against Russia, and all three countries hope to avoid explicit criticism of Russia. It is reported that Russian President Vladimir Putin intends to attend the G20 Leaders Summit in Bali, Indonesia in November. Faced with the western voice of excluding Russia from the G20 framework, Indonesia, as the rotating presidency, emphasizes the "fairness of the presidency" and plans to invite all G20 members. Thailand is also very sensitive to external forces forcing it to change its traditional all-round diplomacy. Former Thai Finance Minister Tirachai expressed vigilance against kishida fumio’s visit to Thailand on Facebook, saying that "the United States and Japan are jointly wooing Asian countries". Vietnam and Russia have maintained friendly relations since the Soviet Union. In March, they abstained in the UN resolution condemning Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. Japanese media analysis pointed out that because Southeast Asian countries are very cautious about the military conflict between Russia and Ukraine, it is not easy to establish the "encirclement network against Russia" imagined by Japan.

　　Thailand’s Bangkok Post reported on 28th that the serious epidemic has prevented many international face-to-face diplomatic activities, but since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict, the Japanese Prime Minister has been increasing such "face-to-face diplomacy". He visited India and Cambodia in late March and then Belgium, and declared that he was concerned about any "attempt to help Russia evade sanctions". "This may refer to China". The report also said that Kishida may seek to sign a defense equipment and technology transfer agreement in Thailand. Japan has signed similar agreements with the Philippines, Vietnam and other Southeast Asian countries.

　　After visiting three Southeast Asian countries, kishida fumio will also visit Italy and Britain. Japanese media said that he would discuss with the leaders of the two countries the measures to deal with the Russian-Ukrainian crisis, and exchange views with them in view of China’s increasing influence.

　　According to Kyodo News, Japanese Foreign Minister Lin Fangzheng will visit Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia from next week to seek cooperation in dealing with the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict. After that, he will transfer to Fiji and Palau to continue to promote the "free and open Indo-Pacific strategy." Defense Minister Nobuo Kishida will visit the United States from May 3 to discuss with US Defense Secretary Austin ways to expand cooperation between the United States and Japan and the situation in Ukraine.

　　Russia warns Tokyo: We will retaliate.

　　Japan’s recent behavior of following the United States to constantly provoke Russia has been severely warned by Russia. According to a report by RIA Novosti on 26th, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Morcourt Lov said that Russia warned Japan through diplomatic channels: "We regard such actions by Japan as a threat to Russian security. Once the scale of similar exercises is further expanded, Russia will take retaliatory measures to consolidate its defense capabilities. In this regard, Tokyo should be prepared. "

　　On the 27th, the Russian Foreign Ministry announced that eight Japanese diplomats would be expelled according to the principle of reciprocity, and they were limited to leave Russia before May 10th. The Russian Foreign Ministry said that with the beginning of the special military action against Ukraine, Tokyo officials adopted an "open and hostile anti-Russian policy". The responsibility for Russia to take this action lies entirely with the Japanese government. In early April, Japan announced the expulsion of eight Russian diplomats on the grounds of Russian military action against Ukraine. The Itar-Tass news agency commented on this on the 28th that the "hellish sanctions" imposed by Japan on its neighbor Russia are mainly to satisfy the will of the hegemonic United States, which will keep Japan-Russia relations in a state of tension for a long time.

　　According to a report by Russian Kommersant on the 28th, current and retired politicians, diplomats, experts and media representatives from more than 20 countries in the East and West recently attended the 6th "Risina Dialogue" held in India. Russia’s special military action in Ukraine was discussed at the meeting. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, who attended the meeting, tried to set the tone for the discussion, called on India to "join the ranks of democratic countries", supported sanctions against Russia, and urged the participants to "contain Russia and China" together. However, Indian Foreign Minister Su Jiesheng said that India "will not be part of the Western alliance that launched a sanctions war against Russia". According to The Hindu’s report on the 28th, Su Jiesheng said at the meeting that "there will be no winner in this conflict", "the conflict is turning into rising energy and food prices and all kinds of destruction" and "we should find some way to resume diplomacy and dialogue". He also criticized the so-called "rules-based international order" in the West. "As far as Afghanistan is concerned, please tell me which part of the rules-based international order proves that what you are doing there is justified."

　　[Global Times correspondent in Japan Yue Linyi Global Times correspondent Liu Yupeng Xing Xiaotong]

　　Just now, at the first national reading conference, China Press and Publication Research Institute released the results of the 19th national reading survey. The full text is as follows:

　　The main findings of the 19th national reading survey

　　Since 1999, the national reading survey organized and implemented by China Press and Publication Research Institute has been continuously carried out for 19 times. The 19th National Reading Survey was launched in August 2021, and the sample cities were sampled in September 2021. From October 2021 to December 2021, questionnaire collection and review were carried out simultaneously, and data processing, data weighting and data analysis were carried out from January 2022 to April 2022.

　　This survey still strictly follows the principle of "same caliber, comparability" and continues to use four sets of questionnaires to investigate the population of all ages. For the three age groups of minors (0— 8 years old, 9— 13 years old, 14— 17 years old) were interviewed by three different sets of questionnaires.

　　In this survey, samples were collected in 162 cities by online survey and telephone survey, covering 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. The effective sample size of this survey is 42,456 (in addition, this survey was strongly supported by the learning platform of "Learning Power", and 1.26 million samples were obtained through the questionnaire survey of the learning platform of "Learning Power"), among which adults accounted for 74.5% of the total sample size, minors under the age of 18 accounted for 25.5% of the total sample size, and the proportion of urban and rural samples was 3.3∶1.

　　After the sample was recovered, we weighted the sample according to the data of the seventh national census bulletin, and analyzed it with SPSS social statistics software. This survey can reach 1.322 billion people in China, including 56.3% urban residents and 43.7% rural residents. The main findings of this survey are as follows:

　　(A) In 2021, the comprehensive reading rate of Chinese adult citizens in all media will continue to grow steadily, and the book reading rate and the contact rate of digital reading methods will increase in the same way.

　　In 2021, the comprehensive reading rate of all kinds of media, including books, newspapers and digital publications, was 81.6%, which was 0.3 percentage points higher than that of 81.3% in 2020.

　　In 2021, the reading rate of adult national books in China was 59.7%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points compared with 59.5% in 2020; The newspaper reading rate was 24.6%, which was 0.9 percentage points lower than 25.5% in 2020. The periodical reading rate was 18.4%, which was 0.3 percentage points lower than that of 18.7% in 2020. The contact rate of digital reading methods (online reading, mobile phone reading, e-reader reading, Pad reading, etc.) is 79.6%, which is 0.2 percentage points higher than that of 79.4% in 2020.

　　An investigation on the reading rate of urban and rural adults in 2021 shows that the reading rate of urban residents in China is 68.5%, which is higher than 68.3% in 2020. The reading rate of rural residents is 50.0%, which is higher than 49.9% in 2020.

　　(B) Adult nationals tend to read digitally, and young people become the main body of digital reading.

　　Further analysis of the contact situation of various digital reading carriers shows that in 2021, 77.4% of adult citizens read on mobile phones, an increase of 0.7 percentage points compared with 76.7% in 2020; 71.6% of adult citizens have read online, an increase of 0.1 percentage point compared with 71.5% in 2020; 27.3% of adult citizens read on e-readers, which is basically the same as that in 2020 (27.2%); 21.7% of adult citizens use Pad (tablet computer) for digital reading, which is basically the same as that in 2020 (21.8%).

　　Judging from the crowd distribution characteristics of digital reading, more and more young and middle-aged groups have become the main body of digital reading. Specifically, among the adult digital reading contacts in China, 18-mdash; 59-year-olds accounted for 92.8%, and 60-year-olds and above accounted for 7.2%.

　　(3) In 2021, the reading volume of paper books and e-books per adult in China has increased compared with the previous year, and the reading advantage of paper books is still obvious.

　　According to the survey of adult citizens’ reading of various publications, the per capita reading of paper books in China in 2021 was 4.76, higher than 4.70 in 2020. The per capita reading of e-books is 3.30, which is higher than 3.29 in 2020. The per capita reading of paper newspapers is 15.13 issues (copies), which is lower than 15.36 issues (copies) in 2020. The per capita reading of paper periodicals is 1.90 issues (copies), which is lower than 1.94 issues (copies) in 2020.

　　In 2021, 11.9% of China’s adult citizens read 10 or more paper books annually, an increase of 0.3 percentage points compared with 11.6% in 2020; 8.7% of the people read 10 or more e-books every year, an increase of 0.2 percentage points compared with 8.5% in 2020.

　　Through the investigation of the reading volume of urban and rural adults in China, it is found that in 2021, the reading volume of paper books of urban residents in China was 5.58, 0.04 more than that of 5.54 in 2020; The number of paper books read by rural residents is 3.76, which is higher than 3.75 in 2020.

　　(D) The reading volume of nearly half of the adult citizens has changed compared with the previous year, and reading through "video storytelling" has become a new reading choice.

　　Judging from the reading form of adult nationals, in 2021, 45.6% of adult nationals tend to "read with a paper book", up 2.2 percentage points from 43.4% in 2020; 30.5% of adult nationals tend to "read on their mobile phones"; There are 8.4% adult nationals who tend to "read on e-readers"; 6.6% of adult citizens tend to "read online"; 7.4% of adult nationals tend to "listen to books"; There are 1.5% adult nationals who prefer "video storytelling".

　　Judging from the evaluation of adult nationals on the number of personal readings, in 2021, 3.1% of the nationals thought that they read a lot, 10.4% thought that they read a lot, 51.0% thought that their reading was average, and 35.5% thought that their reading was little or less.

　　Judging from the feedback of adult citizens on the changes of reading volume of personal paper content and digital content, compared with the previous year, 12.2% of the citizens said that they "increased reading of digital content" in 2021, but 8.9% said that they "reduced reading of digital content" in 2021; 11.6% of the people said that they "increased the reading of paper content" in 2021, but 10.4% said that they "reduced the reading of paper content" in 2021; There are also 50.1% of the people who believe that the amount of personal reading has not changed in 2021.

　　Judging from the evaluation of adult nationals on their overall reading situation, 28.2% of them are satisfied (very satisfied or relatively satisfied); 16.6% of the nationals expressed dissatisfaction (relatively dissatisfied or very dissatisfied); Another 41.1% of the nationals said it was average.

　　(5) Adult nationals’ study time has increased by more than one minute compared with the previous year, but it still lags behind the time spent using the Internet for recreation.

　　In the traditional paper media, in 2021, the average reading time of Chinese adults was the longest, which was 21.05 minutes, an increase of 1.01 minutes compared with 20.04 minutes in 2020. The average daily reading time is 5.22 minutes, less than 5.71 minutes in 2020; The average daily reading time of periodicals is 2.96 minutes, less than 3.25 minutes in 2020.

　　In digital media, adult citizens have the longest contact time with mobile phones every day. In 2021, the average daily contact time of Chinese adult citizens was 101.12 minutes, which was 0.37 minutes more than that of 100.75 minutes in 2020. The average daily internet contact time is 68.42 minutes, an increase of 0.6 minutes compared with 67.82 minutes in 2020; The reading time of e-readers per person per day is 11.78 minutes, an increase of 0.34 minutes compared with 11.44 minutes in 2020; The average person’s daily contact with Pad is 9.82 minutes, an increase of 0.09 minutes compared with 9.73 minutes in 2020.

　　(6) More than 30% of adult citizens have developed the habit of listening to books, but the difference between urban and rural areas is obvious.

　　The investigation of adult people’s listening habits shows that in 2021, more than 30% (32.7%) of adult people in China have listening habits, which is 1.1 percentage points higher than the average level in 2020 (31.6%).

　　From the comparison between urban and rural areas, in 2021, the listening rate of urban adult residents in China was 34.6%, which was 7.8 percentage points higher than that of rural adult residents’ 26.8%.

　　An investigation of the media for listening to books by Chinese adults shows that the proportion of people who choose "mobile audio APP platform" to listen to books is high, accounting for 17.9%. 11.2% people choose to listen to books through "WeChat WeChat official account or applet"; 10.8% people choose to listen to books through "smart speakers"; 8.9% and 5.7% people choose to listen to books through "radio" and "audio reader or voice reader" respectively.

　　(VII) The effect of nationwide reading brand activities is increasingly prominent, which basically meets the demands of adult citizens for reading activities.

　　According to the survey data, Chinese adults have a high demand for reading activities. In 2021, 80.1% of adult citizens think that local authorities should hold reading activities or reading festivals. In order to meet the residents’ high demands for reading activities, the national reading authorities in various places have launched splendid national reading brand activities.

　　In 2021, the awareness rate of adult citizens in China on brand reading activities for the whole people reached 73.1%. Among them, "local city reading festival" and "book fair and book market" have the highest awareness rate, with the selection ratio of 28.8%; The proportion of "government enterprises/campus reading activities" is 28.5%; The awareness rate of "local reading club" and "city reading lecture hall" is 26.9% and 23.2% respectively.

　　In 2021, China’s adult citizens’ participation in national brand reading activities reached 65.4%. Among them, the participation of "local city reading festival" is 25.5%; The participation of "government enterprises/campus reading activities" ranks second, with 25.3%; The participation rate of "local reading club" is 24.1%; The participation rate of "Book Fair" is 23.6%; The participation rate of "City Reading Lecture Hall" is 19.1%.

　　The survey on the satisfaction of the reading activities that have been participated in shows that more than 70% (71.6%) of the adult citizens who have participated in the national reading brand activities are satisfied with the reading activities that they have participated in ("very satisfied" or "relatively satisfied"), 24.5% are generally satisfied with the reading activities that they have participated in, and only 3.9% are dissatisfied with the reading activities that they have participated in ("very dissatisfied" or.

　　(VIII) China’s urban residents are increasingly satisfied with the use of public reading service facilities.

　　In 2021, the awareness rate of adult urban residents in China about at least one public reading service facility near the street where they live is 51.7%. Among them, the awareness rate of public libraries is 30.3%; The awareness rate of newspaper column is 26.5%; The awareness rate of community reading room/community bookstore/city study is 25.3%.

　　Judging from the use of various public reading service facilities, in 2021, the proportion of urban adult residents in China who used public libraries was 14.5%; 10.5% have used community reading room/community bookstore/city study; The proportion of newspaper columns used was 10.1%.

　　Among the urban adult residents who have used the above public reading service facilities, the public library has the highest satisfaction, accounting for 77.1%; The satisfaction rate of community reading room/community bookstore/city study is 70.6%; The satisfaction degree of newspaper column is 62.3%.

　　(9) 0— 17-year-old minors are reading better, and the average time spent reading every day has increased compared with previous years.

　　Judging from the reading rate of minors, 0-mdash in 2021; The reading rate of 8-year-old children is 72.1%, which is 0.7 percentage points higher than 71.4% in 2020. 9— The reading rate of 13-year-old children is 99.1%, which is 0.4 percentage points higher than that of 98.7% in 2020. 14— The reading rate of 17-year-old teenagers is 90.1%, which is 0.4 percentage points higher than 89.7% in 2020. Based on the above data, China’s 0-mdash in 2021; The reading rate of 17-year-old minors is 83.9%, which is 0.5 percentage points higher than 83.4% in 2020.

　　According to the analysis of the reading volume of books for minors, it is found that in 2021, there will be 14— 17-year-old teenagers read the most extracurricular books per capita, with 13.10, higher than 13.07 in 2020; 0— The per capita reading of books for 8-year-old children is 10.33, higher than 10.02 in 2020; 9— 13-year-old children read 10.21 books per capita, higher than 9.63 books in 2020. Based on the above data, China’s 0-mdash in 2021; The per capita reading volume of 17-year-old minors is 10.93, which is 0.22 more than 10.71 in 2020.

　　Judging from the reading time of minors, 9-mdash; The average reading time of 13-year-old children is 25.48 minutes per day, which is 2.22 minutes more than 23.26 minutes in 2020. 14— The average reading time of 17-year-old teenagers is 51.90 minutes per day, an increase of 0.09 minutes compared with 51.81 minutes in 2020.

　　China’s 0-mdash in 2021; The contact rate of digital reading for 17-year-old minors is 72.5%. Specifically, 0— The contact rate of digital reading for 8-year-old children is 69.2%, 9-mdash; The contact rate of 13-year-old children’s digital reading is 76.4%, 14-mdash; The contact rate of digital reading among 17-year-old teenagers is 74.8%.

　　China’s 0-mdash in 2021; The listening rate of 17-year-old minors is 32.7%. Specifically, 0— The listening rate of 8-year-old children is 33.7%, 9-mdash; The listening rate of 13-year-old children is 31.4%, 14-mdash; The listening rate of 17-year-old teenagers is 32.6%.

　　The analysis of parents’ early reading behavior shows that in 2021, China will have 0-mdash; Among the families of 8-year-old children, 73.2% have the habit of accompanying their children to study, an increase of 1.5 percentage points compared with 71.7% in 2020. In addition, in 0— In the families of 8-year-old children who have reading behavior, parents spend an average of 26.14 minutes reading with their children every day, an increase of 0.33 minutes compared with 25.81 minutes in 2020.

　　(10) In 2021, the national reading index will be 70.62 points, including 73.09 points for personal reading and 67.66 points for public reading service.

　　In order to comprehensively reflect the overall situation and changing trend of Chinese national reading, we have developed an index system of Chinese national reading index. The index system of reading index includes 25 indexes, which are divided into two aspects: personal reading index and public reading service index. Among them, the "personal reading index" includes three aspects: the reading volume and possession of individual books, the reading rate of various publications and personal reading cognition and evaluation, which comprehensively reflects the national reading level; The "public reading service index" includes three aspects: national awareness, usage and satisfaction evaluation of public reading service facilities and national reading activities, which comprehensively reflects the construction of public reading facilities and the level of public service. The reading index was obtained by hierarchical fitting of 25 indexes.

　　It is estimated that the national reading index in 2021 is 70.62 points, which is 0.17 points higher than 70.45 points in 2020. Among them, the personal reading index is 73.09 points, which is 0.04 points higher than 73.05 points in 2020; The public reading service index is 67.66 points, which is 0.03 points higher than 67.63 points in 2020.

1905 movie network news The animated film scheduled for August 17th, today exposed a set of scene design drawings, which completely presented the near future world settings in the film. The perfect color matching and exquisite detail design are dazzling, highlighting the exquisite texture of the film. "Future Machine City" tells a warm-hearted story that happened in the future world: Robot 7723 was accidentally awakened by the rebellious football girl Su Xiaomai, and the two suffered many dangers. In the process of adventure side by side in the machine city, 7723 has always maintained its own warm "movement", and it has gradually been understood and accepted by Su Mai, who hates robots, and has entered the heart of Wheat step by step.

Imagination upgrade! Multi-dimensions to feel the near future in advance

The story of 7723 and Wheat takes place in this future sci-fi robot city: there are ruins destroyed by the war in the fog, and there are also strict and organized transportation veins; There are colorful neon advertising light boxes and dark and messy corners; There are both warm neighborhoods in the sunset and gloomy unmanned warehouses. The structure of the whole city is very sincere, full of the power of science and technology without losing the aesthetic feeling of art, and the picture is exquisite and very desirable.

The space expands in depth, and the building community soars into the sky, extending freely like a plant, showing the beauty of future architecture in multiple dimensions; Highway overhead buildings are littered with roots, all kinds of new cars are flying in the air, and you can do whatever you want in the whole sky, opening unlimited brain holes; The unicorn, which represents pride and purity on the gloomy warehouse table, seems to echo the rebellion and subsequent changes of Su Xiaomai, the protagonist of the film. This imaginative "dimension-upgrading" setting of architectural space almost fits the perfect imagination of modern people for the near future world, which is of great benefit to developing children’s imagination and cultivating children’s perception of future trends, and is very suitable for parents to watch with their children.

International vision! Integration of Chinese and Western Culture to Create Palace-level High Quality

This set of scene design drawings further presents the future sci-fi visual art and stunning design sense of Future Machine City, which is of unprecedented high quality in domestic animation.

It is reported that the story of the film "Future Machine City" was originally created by the China team, while the animation production team was in charge of the world’s top team. Kevin R. Adams, a former director of Disney and DreamWorks, and Joe Ksander, a former director of an Oscar-winning special effects company, were both animation directors. Animation production is also created by a world-class team that has been responsible for equivalent visual effects movies.

From a scientific perspective, the film tells Chinese’s own original story, and combines Chinese and Western cultures to create a perfect animation effect and a beautiful story that is most suitable for children to watch. At Cannes Film Festival, Netflix, the global streaming media giant, bought the overseas distribution rights of movies at a high price, which is enough to prove its world-class production level.

Model picture basic parameters Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L standard L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L luxury L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.2L S Comfort Type Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L S Comfort Type manufacturer’s guide price 54,800 60,800 61,800 65,800 The lowest price of 4S in the country manufacturer SAIC-GM-Wuling SAIC-GM-Wuling SAIC-GM-Wuling SAIC-GM-Wuling level micro-face micro-face micro-face micro-face Engine 1.5L 112 hp L4 1.5L 112 hp L4 1.2L 86hp L4 1.5L 112 hp L4 Transmission 5th gear manual 5th gear manual 5th gear manual 5th gear manual L * W * H (mm) 4305 × 1680 × 1750 4305 × 1680 × 1750 4400 × 1680 × 1770 4400 × 1680 × 1770 Body structure Bus Bus Bus Bus Maximum speed (km/h) – What? – What? 140 160 MIIT combined fuel consumption (L/100km) – What? – What? 7.3 7.5 Vehicle quality assurance – What? – What? Three years or 60,000 km Three years or 60,000 km body Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L standard L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L luxury L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.2L S Comfort Type Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L S Comfort Type Length (mm) 4305 4305 4400 4400 Width (mm) 1680 1680 1680 1680 Height (mm) 1750 1750 1770 1770 Wheelbase (mm) 2720 2720 2720 2720 Front track (mm) 1420 1420 1420 1420 Rear track (mm) 1440 1440 1440 1440 Minimum ground clearance (mm) – What? – What? – What? – What? Curb weight (kg) – What? – What? – What? – What? Body structure Bus Bus Bus Bus Number of doors (number) 5 5 5 5 Number of seats (number of seats) 5-8 5-8 5-8 5-8 Rear door opening method swing door swing door swing door swing door Fuel tank capacity (L) 50 50 50 50 Cargo box size (mm) – What? – What? – What? – What? Maximum load weight (kg) – What? – What? – What? – What? Transmission Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L standard L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L luxury L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.2L S Comfort Type Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L S Comfort Type abbreviation 5th gear manual 5th gear manual 5th gear manual 5th gear manual Number of gears 5 5 5 5 Transmission type Manual Transmission (MT) Manual Transmission (MT) Manual Transmission (MT) Manual Transmission (MT) chassis steering Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L standard L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L luxury L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.2L S Comfort Type Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L S Comfort Type Drive mode front and rear drive front and rear drive front and rear drive front and rear drive Front suspension type McPherson independent suspension McPherson independent suspension McPherson independent suspension McPherson independent suspension Rear suspension type Five-link semi-independent suspension Five-link semi-independent suspension Five-link semi-independent suspension Five-link semi-independent suspension Power Type Hydraulic assist Hydraulic assist Hydraulic assist Hydraulic assist Car body structure load-bearing load-bearing load-bearing load-bearing wheel brake Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L standard L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L luxury L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.2L S Comfort Type Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L S Comfort Type Front brake type disc disc disc disc Rear brake type Drum Drum Drum Drum Front tire specifications 185/65 R14 185/65 R14 185/70 R14 185/70 R14 Rear tire specifications 185/65 R14 185/65 R14 185/70 R14 185/70 R14 Engine Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L standard L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L luxury L2B Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.2L S Comfort Type Wuling Hongguang 2013 1.5L S Comfort Type Engine model L2B L2B LMU L2B Displacement (mL) 1485 1485 1206 1485 Displacement (L) 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.5 Intake form naturally aspirated naturally aspirated naturally aspirated naturally aspirated Cylinder arrangement L L L L Number of cylinders (pcs) 4 4 4 4 Number of valves per cylinder 4 4 4 4 compression ratio 10.2 10.2 9.8 10.2 Valve mechanism DOHC DOHC DOHC DOHC Bore (mm) – What? – What? – What? – What? Stroke (mm) – What? – What? – What? – What? Maximum horsepower (Ps) 112 112 86 112 Maximum power (kW) 82 82 63 82 Maximum power speed (rpm) 5800 5800 6000 5800 Maximum torque (N · m) 146 146 108 147 Maximum torque speed (rpm) 3600-4000 3600-4000 4400-4800 3600-4000 fuel form gasoline gasoline gasoline gasoline Fuel label No. 93 (Beijing No. 92) No. 93 (Beijing No. 92) No. 93 (Beijing No. 92) No. 93 (Beijing No. 92) Oil supply method multi-point EFI multi-point EFI multi-point EFI multi-point EFI Cylinder head material aluminum aluminum aluminum aluminum Cylinder material iron iron iron iron Environmental standards Country IV/Beijing V Country IV/Beijing V Country IV Country IV/Beijing V

At 19:00 on October 23rd, the press center of the 19th National Congress held a group interview with the theme of "Fighting the tough battle for ecological protection". The party representatives present were: Zhu Hua, Party Secretary and Director of Fujian Provincial Environmental Protection Department; Gao Jianmin, Party Secretary and Director of Hebei Provincial Environmental Protection Department; Zhang Lihua, President of Liaoning Academy of Environmental Sciences; Huang Bin, Director of Analysis Office of Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province; and Hu Guanjiu, Deputy Director of Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Center. (Li Xia/photo)

"Old Man Le" with a fake motor vehicle license plate (Photo courtesy of the police)

Investigate the scene

Appraised by the judicial inspection agency, the vehicle driven by Gan was identified as a "motor vehicle". According to reports, the top speed of the car can reach 60 kilometers per hour. It adopts a carriage-type four-wheel body structure-the front wheel (two wheels) is the steering wheel, and a motor is installed at the rear of the vehicle, which is driven by the double rear wheels. The front part is equipped with a fuel-type range-extending device to provide charging and energy storage functions for the vehicle. Five groups of battery vehicles are installed at the bottom of the front and auxiliary seats. The car is designed for carrying passengers, with a cab and steering wheel at the front and a passenger seat at the back, which conforms to the relevant definition of plug-in hybrid vehicle, but it is not a motor vehicle that can pass on the above roads.

　　China is a country of jade, and jade culture runs through almost the whole history of civilization in China, among which Hetian jade is the most concerned. “One red, two yellow and three sheep fat"It is a description of the color of Hetian jade. Topaz and suet jade are rare, but they can also be seen. Only ruby is hard to find.

　　

　　△ Redjade Works

　　The appearance of Nanhong satisfies people’s pursuit of natural red jade, which is eye-catching but not losing its calm and heavy color and delicate and moist texture, which makes many jade lovers intoxicated.

　　

　　Over time, Nanhong also had "Take red as your priority.But recently, three kinds of "not red" Nanhong have begun to emerge in the jewelry industry, and they are more and more loved by everyone, and even form a tripartite confrontation with Jinhong and Persimmon Red. Do treasure fans know which three kinds?

　　1. Red and white materials

　　

　　Red and white materials, as the name implies, areOn the same piece of material, there are two contrasting colors: red and white.. High-quality red and white materials, red should be pure and bright persimmon red, and white should be milky white with strong glue texture (giving people a feeling like milk).Red and white intersect but don’t merge, and the boundaries are clear., with a unique sense of hierarchy.

　　

　　Of course, the beauty of red and white materials is beautiful, but it makes it popular. Sister Bao thinks it is the result of being favored by sculptors. The two contrasting colors will inspire the sculptor, and often create stunning works with pretty colors (suitable for carving flowers, birds or figures), thus enhancing its artistic value, becoming the first choice for collection, and gradually bringing red and white materials into public view.

　　

　　△ Also suitable for making seals, exquisite and lovely.

　　Of course, at the current price, red and white materials are still not as good as red and south red, but its market popularity is increasing day by day, and it is possible to keep pace with it in the future ~ but it should be noted that all the materials with room for appreciation are high-quality red and white materials! Those materials that are not bright enough in color, have blurred layers, have no sharp contrast between red and white, and have many impurities … are not included here.

　　

　　If treasure fans are interested, when they go shopping, they may encounter red and white materials whose white parts are light pink and pink. They are slightly lower in value, but they are very beautiful and can be bought:

　　

　　△ white powdery

　　In addition, you will encounter a material with a flame pattern in the red part. What is a "flame pattern"? In fact, there are all kinds of red interwoven and flame-like textures on the south red.It is unique to Sichuan materials, but not to Baoshan materials.~ remember this! The flame pattern will make Nanhong have a dynamic aesthetic feeling, which is very unique.

　　

　　△ flame pattern, feel it.

　　Finally, in a broad sense, there is a kind of "silk-wrapped south red" which also belongs to red and white materials. It’s just that the red and white layers are dense, and from the side, it can form a silk thread with white and red intertwined (a bit like pork belly). At present, the market’s recognition of silk-wrapped Nanhong is average, but as long as the quality is excellent, there will always be a time to shine, such as a 3.8 million silk-wrapped Nanhong Suzaku Niu Baoxi:

　　

　　△ is one of the imperial seals of Qianlong, named "Cong Yun".

　　2. The ice is floating in the south.

　　

　　If red and white materials are popular because of the promotion of sculptors, thenThe popularity of ice floating south red depends entirely on its own face value.Yes! Three or four years ago, it was estimated that few people had heard of it, which was the lowest grade. You could buy a palm-sized material for twenty or thirty dollars … But now, its price has doubled! I can’t help but let Bao Jie sigh: this world of looking at faces ~

　　

　　△ Master’s work "The Wind and Cloud" has the feeling of planting jade in ice.

　　Ice floating south red is not as red and festive as pure color south red. It is mainly white, with red as an ornament. White is like crystal and red is like chicken blood (also known as "ice floating chicken blood", but the name is really ugly), and red and white intersect and set each other off, which makes it unique and delicate, making people forget the customs.

　　

　　High-quality ice floats south and red,The white part must be pure.It is as transparent as thin ice, but it has a strong glue texture and looks indistinct to the naked eye;The red part must be bright.In sharp contrast to the white part:

　　

　　The low-grade ice floats south red, and the purity and permeability of the white part are poor, which makes it look fuzzy to the naked eye, but also faintly gray and not transparent; The red part is scattered irregularly on the whole piece of jewelry, without a sense of picture and beauty;

　　

　　△ Low purity, too little red and too messy.

　　Although the white part of the ice floats in the south red, strictly speaking, the little red floating is the key factor that affects the value. Everyone uses this reddish form to price the ice floating in the south red.

　　

　　In addition, there is a special species in the ice floating south red-grass flower south red! It is a natural pattern, which is not only pleasing to the eye, but also unique and unique. It combines the characteristics of jade and strange stones, which is very magical and rare, and attracts a lot of attention for the ice floating south.

　　

　　Although there are varieties of grass flowers in other jade, such as Huang Longyu, Brazil agate, etc., their "grass flowers" are generally black, which is not as beautiful as the red grass flowers floating in the south with ice ~

　　3. Lychee jelly

　　

　　Sister Bao has been crazy about litchi jelly recently, because it is so beautiful and lovely ~ The quality of texture is an important indicator to evaluate the value of Nanhong. The description of beautiful jade in Yu Ji is: the body is as coagulated as fat, the clothes are restrained, the quality is thick and moist, and the pulse is firm and dense … Sister Bao thinks these words are just to describe litchi jelly!

　　

　　Litchi jelly grows like a litchi, moist and crystal clear. It is produced in Liangshan, Sichuan, and Baoshan, Yunnan, and as a Baoshan material, it has a fluorescent effect, and there are few cracks, which can be said to be very rare. More importantly, in the Nanhong market, where the baking color is optimized and rampant,Litchi jelly is basically without glue and optimization.Beautiful and jade-like, the future value is still worth looking forward to ~

　　

　　Now Nanhong minerals are scarce. In the market, good goods are rare, and the prices of fine products are soaring, even to the point where the price is determined by grams. Instead of spending all your money to buy materials full of color and meat, it is better to pay attention to the "non-mainstream" south reds such as litchi jelly, red and white materials and ice floating south reds. Perhaps they are the swift horses waiting for Bole.

　　Bao Jie si Yu

　　It is estimated that some treasure fans can’t tell the difference between ice floating south red and litchi frozen. In fact, at first glance, it is a bit like it, but it can be distinguished by careful observation.

　　Observing the white parts of the two, the permeability of ice floating south red is very good, as crystal clear as crystal; Litchi jelly, on the other hand, is foggy, has a rubbery luster and is not permeable to water.

　　Li Bai was drunk, splashing wine into water, and cranes appeared in the water.

　　Soaring on a giant crane with Gao Shi, Du Fu, Cenfuzi and Dan Qiusheng, "I’m going to drink, and the cup will not stop", which is extremely wild and romantic … … The animated film Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an, which is being shown, has aroused the audience’s resonance with the poetry of Chinese cultural genes. Up to now, the box office of the film has exceeded 1.7 billion yuan.

　　China’s animation shows a gratifying trend. In recent years, excellent animated films such as The Return of the Great Sage on the Journey to the West, The White Snake: The Origin, and Ne Zha’s Deep Sea have appeared one after another. Their creative vitality is surging and their box office reputation is good, which sends a clear signal that the animation market in China is booming and has great potential.

　　Rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese excellent traditional culture, domestic animation is taking a creative transformation and innovative development road with extraordinary imagination and steady steps, which shows China characteristics, China style and China style.

　　Chinoiserie

　　Exploring the road of national style and expressing Chinese cultural genes

　　[Lens] From the prosperous and inclusive Chang ‘an, to the south of the Yangtze River with flowing bridges, and then to the lonely desert of Saibei, it is concentrated in 48 Tang poems in 168 minutes. The audience in the cinema couldn’t help reading aloud, and comments such as "China culture is the greatest strength of the film" and "Poetry gene surging in the blood" were highly praised … … This is a vivid epitome of the surge of traditional culture in recent years.

　　Since the first advertising animation Shu Zhendong’s Chinese Typewriter was released in 1922, China animation has gone through a hundred years. In the ups and downs, the course remains the same, that is, along the background of Chinese excellent traditional culture, "exploring the road of national style."

　　Make a scene in heaven, tadpoles looking for their mothers … … Su Da, director of Shanghai Animation Film Studio, recalled, "Among the brilliant group images of China Animation School’s works, there is traditional culture — — Literature, drama, architecture and music have artistic forms with rich national style — — Ink painting, Dunhuang frescoes and New Year pictures have the spiritual connotation of the Chinese nation — — Kindness, tenacity, diligence, courage, etc. "

　　Throughout the animated films that have been released in recent years, "national style" and "national tide" are still the key words. Ne Zha endowed the traditional characters with new connotations and created an image of Nezha, who is "my life depends on me". Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an cultivated the feelings of home and country with poetry, and conveyed the cultural core of the Chinese nation such as self-improvement and tolerance. "Big Fish Begonia" beautifully shows the world cultural heritage of Fujian Tulou … …

　　"Traditional culture is a magnificent treasure house of China’s animation film creation. The core of China Animation School is nationalization, which is used to show our own literary and artistic image and create a set of expressions based on traditional culture to express Chinese cultural genes." Ma Hua, a professor at the Animation Institute of Beijing Film Academy, concluded this.

　　Creating animations with traditional cultural themes is both a leverage and a challenge. Well-known historical figures and stories lower the threshold for the audience to enter the cinema, but test the basic skills of the creators.

　　For this reason, the creative team of "Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an" has traveled a lot to collect ideas. "We walked into Shaanxi History Museum to study the layout of Chang ‘an, stood on the ancient wall of Tongguan and felt the tragic mood of Ge Shuhan, and wandered through Songpan ancient city to find the inspiration for designing Yunshan City and Lushuiguan & HELIP; …” Xie Junwei, director of "Three Wan Li in Chang ‘an", introduced that every shot went to the screen wall outside the county magistrate’s house, the wine-raising game played by the literati, and the poem board in the posthouse temple, referring to nearly 100 documents and many unearthed cultural relics. Annotation on the Chronology of Li Bai’s Complete Works and Annotation on Gao Shijia’s Collection are "reference books kept by the team at hand".

　　Some directors described animation as "dreaming in a wild way". Free and unrestrained artistic expression is combined with traditional cultural stories, and The Return of the Great Sage of Journey to the West, released in 2015, has become a phenomenal work of domestic animated films. The great potential of mythical themes has been discovered.

　　In recent years, the diversification trend of domestic animation themes is remarkable, and realistic animated films have great market potential. For example, the recently released Tea No.2 Middle School is an animated comedy with a campus theme, while the previously released Deep Sea focuses on the exploration of the inner world.

　　"The way generations accept knowledge is changing. After 95 s and 00 s, I am used to touching new things through video. I want to attract more people to contact and understand in the form of literature and art that young people like to see, and then love traditional culture more. " Yu Zhou, producer of Chang ‘an Three Wan Li and president of light-chasing animation, said, "Young people’s recognition of China culture makes us believe that the rise of domestic animated films is not only a slogan, but also the present and the future."

　　It is also what MCA hopes to broaden the animation creation space and give more animators the opportunity to create diverse works. "There are many dimensions to evaluate an animation work, which can be artistic level or commercial success, but more importantly, it meets the audience’s call and expectation." He hopes that the development of animated films will have more "spirit of doing experiments", keep an open theme, let young practitioners innovate more boldly and consciously, explore the boundaries in different directions, and let more good works be seen by everyone.

　　Sense of science and technology

　　With the improvement of personnel training, the bottleneck of animation film production capacity is constantly being broken.

　　[Lens] "10 years, 7.5 billion frames" — — On the day when Chang ‘an Three Wan Li was finalized, Wei Wang, the founder of light-chasing animation, sent such a Weibo. It is not surprising in the world of animation that the number of "100 million" is often on the order of magnitude. Take Penglai Wonderland, the splendid opening of "The New God List: Yang Jian", as an example. In just a few seconds, the number of single-lens models is 14 billion, the file size is 5TB (terabytes), and the total rendering time of the whole film is 410 million nuclear hours (CPU consumption, measured by nuclear multiplication hours), which requires thousands of servers to work continuously for 24 hours.

　　The multiplication of a string of numbers seems a bit "sci-fi", which is behind the inevitable logic of the development of science and technology hard core in the film industry.

　　"history of animation, to some extent, is the history of people’s exploration of light and shadow, and the history of the integration of technology and art." Ma Li, president of the Chinese Animation Society, said. As a blend of virtual and reality, with the new generation of network transmission, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, augmented reality, motion capture and other key technologies infiltrating into all levels and links of animation creation, production, communication and consumption, fully integrating with the imagination of creators and empowering each other, animated films bring viewers a higher level of audio-visual enjoyment.

　　Compared with the production cycle of a live-action movie for one or two years, an animated movie takes three to five years or even longer, and the project is more complicated. In Ne Zha, for example, special effects shots account for nearly 80%, and more than 60 teams and more than 1,600 producers all over the world have worked intensively for five years, which finally lifted the box office miracle of over 5 billion yuan.

　　In fact, complicated production is also a challenge for the whole process coordination, and this challenge needs to return to industrialization itself. According to insiders, the high degree of dispersion in production stage, uneven outsourcing quality and lack of uniform special effects standards once hampered the industrialization level of animation in China.

　　With the gradual maturity of industrialization process and the improvement of personnel training in all aspects, the bottleneck of animation film production capacity is constantly being broken. According to industry reports, in 2017, there were no more than 30 enterprises that could fully produce China animation. Today, there are nearly 1,000 upstream and downstream animation enterprises in China, of which 120 can produce high-quality animation. It is worth mentioning that industry observers pointed out that China’s position in the global animation industry chain has obviously improved, from the OEM position at the bottom of the industry "smile curve" to the two ends of the curve with higher yield, and the content production has gradually appeared the trend of "reverse outsourcing".

　　Huge groups are exploring in different ways, and they have gathered great synergy to improve the level of domestic animation.

　　Walking in the office building of light-chasing animation, you can see the orderly distribution and synchronous operation of the teams corresponding to each link. Pre-design, storyboard, 3D modeling, materials, binding, animation, role special effects, scene special effects, digital painting, lighting synthesis, post-editing, technology, production … … Assemble into a complete chain of animation creation.

　　"Almost 100% of the creation of an animated film can be born from this building." Yu Zhou introduced that among the more than 300 people in the team, producers account for about 90%. "We have established three series: new legends, new gods and new cultures. Since its inception, we have set up a creative process of rolling forward three works. The time consumption of each work is stable in three years, and one work is continuously iterated and cycled, driving an industrial system production line."

　　How to balance the pursuit of speed in industrialized production and quality in aesthetic expression? On the one hand, stable quality depends on the accumulation of "internal strength". "For example, the liquid and hair problems that were overcome in the production of Cat and Peach Blossom Garden can be directly applied to Shen Gongbao’s mount in The New God List: Yang Jian, and the technology is like ‘ Snowball ’ Accumulate the same. " Yu Zhou said that on the other hand, it is to optimize the process. "There is a working tradition of chasing light. After each film project is completed, all links will hold a project summary meeting to summarize the achievements and put forward the goals for future promotion and development. Every movie that chases light is based on the experience of the last one. "

　　Original and subversive innovation not only depends on the improvement of "tools", but also tests the determination of "people". Director Tian Xiaopeng spent seven years in Deep Sea, brewing an experiment on visual effect innovation: the original "particle ink painting" style, combining blank freehand brushwork ink painting with concrete realistic three-dimensional innovation, blending traditional colors of Chinese painting with western impressionist art, and creating a dreamy deep sea world.

　　"In the process of creation, in order to restore the elegance and graininess of ink painting, we mixed detergent, propylene, food coloring, milk, etc., and repeated it over and over again for more than 100 times." Tian Xiaopeng said that all technological innovations are for content service, and the "sea-splitting" lens in the film is dismantled. The single lens has more than 100 layers of particle special effects, and the number of particles is as high as several billion, which creates a subtle and extremely real scene texture.

　　How to find the unique 3D animation style of China? In Tian Xiaopeng’s mind, the combination of two-dimensional and three-dimensional and the exploration of their boundaries may be one of the breakthroughs. "Two-dimensional animation is inherently subjective, but in terms of immersion, lens and light and shadow, three-dimensional animation is more mature, and China animation provides a unique possibility by organically combining their respective advantages." This idea germinated when making the title of The Return of the Great Sage on the Journey to the West, and accumulated more mature processes and methods in Deep Sea. "Innovation is the driving force behind my animation." Tian Xiaopeng said.

　　influence

　　Create more cultural IP carriers and let the story of China go to the international stage.

　　[Lens] Back in 1964, Shanghai Meiying Factory assembled the "strongest lineup" to create the first color animated feature film "Make a scene in Heaven". The film has been exported, distributed and screened to 44 countries and regions, and has participated in more than 10 international film festivals and won many awards, ranking first in the world in terms of aesthetic expression and technical level. After a lapse of nearly 60 years, Shanghai Meiying Factory led the creation and jointly produced the animated short film collection "China Qitan" with bilibili. The Chinese national spirit and oriental aesthetic style returned with the attitude of "new generation" to tell the world the story of China.

　　How can the splendid Chinese excellent traditional culture IP "go out" and further live and fire? "Don’t imitate others, don’t repeat yourself" is the consistent creative concept of Shanghai Meiying Factory, and it is also the key for domestic animation to go out.

　　"In the past, Hollywood, Disney and Pixar were the templates for our creation, but the market response was not satisfactory and the audience did not buy it." Ma Hua said that from imitation to partial originality and then to pure originality, it is the only way for China animation to grow, "‘ Copy ’ You can learn skills and experience, but the direction of the topic, the aesthetic system and the spiritual core conveyed by the story are all misplaced. "

　　In this regard, Tian Xiaopeng also has personal pain: "When I was doing The Return of the Great Sage on the Journey to the West, I was often asked a question, what is our own oriental performance?" After many years, the creator slowly found his own context. "The story, art and performance are all oriental, and the national style naturally flows in the blood of domestic animation."

　　Under the gaze of the world, exploring the road of national style has become the trend of China School, and the animation works bearing the genes of Chinese excellent traditional culture have once again attracted attention. Behind it, there are unique Chinese visual arts, constantly improving animation production technology, and ambitious faces like young Li Bai and Gao Shi.

　　With the "14th Five-Year Plan for China Film Development" clearly pointing out to support animated films that highlight the spirit of the Chinese nation and the oriental aesthetic style, the Chinese Writers Association has helped China to create original animation, and a series of measures have stimulated more and more creative vitality. The recently concluded China Animation Week attracted 71 social organizations and industry companies to participate, displaying more than 500 IP projects and reaching 83 cooperation intention projects on the spot; In the 19th China International Cartoon & Animation Festival held in June, 567 Chinese and foreign enterprises and institutions, 2,305 exhibitors, merchants and professionals from 67 countries and regions participated in the exhibition, and the intended signing amount reached 1.485 billion yuan, which played a positive role in promoting international exchange of animation and promoting domestic excellent animation to go abroad.

　　Opening a vast "chapter" of animation, people deeply witness the exploration and progress, trend and ambition of China’s animation.

　　Today’s animation is not only a literary style, but also a comprehensive tide play, game e-sports, digital entertainment, immersive experience theme park and peripheral products, which gives creators a broader space. The data shows that the total output value of animation industry in China has exceeded 220 billion yuan, and animation has become one of the mainstream content categories. Animation+tourism, animation+performing arts, animation+design, animation+games, animation+parenting education, etc., further stimulate the industrial potential of animation art.

　　"The vitality of Chinese culture not only depends on the work itself to carry forward and inherit, but also comes from the operation of IP." According to Suda, Shanghai Meiying Factory has continuously strengthened the management of copyright and trademarks in recent years, and registered more than 1,500 trademarks around 40 categories such as clothing, food and toys, building a new ecology of IP transformation.

　　Looking forward to the future, Ma Li believes that the two-way empowerment of new technologies, new applications and the operation of the whole industry chain will become an important way for China animation to develop by leaps and bounds. "Standing at a new historical starting point, the animation industry in China should strive to anchor the three goals of improving the originality of fine products, industrial competitiveness and international influence, show a new atmosphere in promoting the high-quality development of China animation, and provide a strong boost for enhancing the cultural confidence of the Chinese nation."

　　"Do China animation with ideals and quality, China animation with cohesion, and China animation that can be handed down from generation to generation." Ma Li’s appeal is also the voice of many animators. With fine works, we can create a long history and write a chapter of the era. Dapeng holds high and crosses the sky of China, bringing enough wind to stir and continue.

　　— — "As long as the poem is there and the book is there, Chang ‘an will be there."